1 in 8 cancer patients may have an inherited gene variant[1]
Hereditary cancer is caused by an inherited genetic mutation. It is typical to see a recurring pattern of cancer across two to three generations—like multiple individuals diagnosed with the same type of cancer(s) and individuals diagnosed with cancer much younger than average. Everyone has a risk of carrying a mutation, regardless of family history, however the risk increases with the number of cases of cancer in a family.
Familial cancer refers to cancer that appears to occur more frequently in families than is expected from chance alone. While no specific mutation has been linked to these cancers, familial cancer may have a hereditary component that has not yet been identified.
Sporadic cancer refers to cancer that occurs due to spontaneous mutations that accumulate over a person’s life. Sporadic cancer cannot be explained by a single cause. There are several factors, such as aging, lifestyle, or environmental exposure, that may contribute to the development of sporadic cancer.
A JAMA Oncology study found that hereditary cancer genetic testing for all patients with cancer—including colorectal, breast, ovarian, prostate, and pancreatic—uncovered disease-causing (pathogenic) inherited variants in 13.3% of patients.[1]
Without hereditary cancer genetic testing, a crucial part of their cancer puzzle may be missing. Patients who harbor hereditary variants could benefit from tailored management, including colorectal (~15%), breast (~12%), ovarian (~20%), prostate (~13%), and pancreatic (~15%) cancer.[1]
A mutation can greatly increase one’s risk for developing cancer.
Mutations in the genes covered are not common, but when present they significantly increase the chances of cancer.
For example, a BRCA1 mutation can increase a woman’s chance of breast cancer up to 81% by age 80.[2] An APC gene mutation can increase a man or woman's chances of colorectal cancer up to 70-100% by age 80 without surgical intervention.[3],[4]