Forensic Urine Chromatography

Urine Toxicology Screening by Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry

Urine Toxicology Screen provided by Dynacare incorporates gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC-MS) for the qualitative identification of >100 different drugs and drug metabolites.  Analyte identification is based on mass fragment identification within a defined GC-MS spectral library.
 
We note that the ability to detect any drug or metabolite in urine is dependent on many factors, including:

• the dose ingested
• the analytical method used
• the sensitivity of the method used for the analyte of interest
• the individual’s metabolic variability - genetic factors, age, gender, etc.
• the individual’s physical condition – most notably kidney and liver disease
• the amount of fluid ingested
• the method and frequency of dosing
• the time the drug was ingested relative to the time the urine sample was collected

 The GC-MS Urine Toxicology screen provided by Dynacare can detect use of the specific drug and drug metabolites listed in the tables below.
 
It will not identify every licit and/or illicit drug that might be in a urine sample.
 
If the drug of interest is not listed in the tables below it will not be detected by this screen, at this time.
 
If a listed analyte was detected in the urine the specimen that analyte will be reported as POSITIVE. 
 
Positive result indicates that the analyte is present in the customer’s urine at a minimum concentration above its screening threshold.  A positive result does not indicate the analytes route of administration, ingested dose, concentration in the urine or the customer’s level of intoxication.
 
A negative result may not necessarily mean that the urine is drug-free. Negative results can obtained when the drug is present in the urine, but at a concentration that is below the sensitivity of the method.  This is especially true for benzodiazepine and barbiturate drugs, as this screening method has relativity poor sensitivity for these drug classes.  Negative results may also be obtained if the specific analyte of interest is not included in the GC-MS Urine Toxicology screen provided by Dynacare.
 
­Table 1: Summary of the different drugs and drug metabolites included within the Dynacare GC-MS Urine Toxicology Screen
 

ANAESTHETICS	ANTICONVULSANTS	ANTIDEPRESSANTS	ANTIHISTAMINES	ANTIPSYCHOTICS
Ketamine Lidocaine	Carbamazepine Gabapentin Topiramate	Amitryptyline Bupropion Citalopram Clomipramine Desipramine Doxepin Fluoxetine Fluvoxamine Imipramine Mirtrazapine Nortriptyline Paroxetine Sertraline Trazodone Trimipramine Venlafaxine	Brompheniramine Chloropheniramine Diphenhydramine Doxylamine Hydroxyzine Pheniramine Pyrilamine	Chlorpromazine Clozapine Methotrimeprazine Olanzapine Quetiapine

 

BARBITURATES	BENZODIAZEPINES	CARDIAC DRUGS	COCAINE	HALLUCINOGENS
Amobarbital	Alprazolam	Acebutolol	Benzoylecgonine	Mescaline
Butabarbital	Bromazepam	Alpranolol	Cocaethylene	Phencyclidine
Butalbital	Chlorodiazepoxide	Atenolol	Cocaine
Pentobarbital	Clobazam	Betaxolol	Levamisole
Phenobarbital	Clonazepam	Bisoprolol
Secobarbital	Diazepam	Carvedilol
	Estazolam	Clopidogrel
	Flurazepam	Diltiazem
	Lorazepam	Enalapril
	Midazolam	Labetolol
	Nitrazepam	Metoprolol
	Nordiazepam	Nadolol
	Oxazepam	Perindopril
	Prazepam	Pindolol
	Temazepam	Propranolol
	Triazolam	Sotalol
		Timolol
		Verapamil

 

OPIOIDS	NON-BENZODIAZEPINE SEDATIVES	STIMULANTS	OTHER
6-β-Naltrexol Buprenorphine Butorphanol Codeine Dihydrocodeine Dihydromorphine EDDP EDMP Fentanyl Hydrocodone Hydromorphone Meperidine Methadone Morphine Oxycodone Oxymorphone Pentazocine Propoxyphene Tramadol	Zopiclone	Amphetamine Benzylpiperazine Ephedrine/ Pseudoephedrine MDA MDEA MDMA Methamphetamine Methylphenidate Phentermine Theobromine Theophylline Xylometazoline	Atomoxetine Chloroquine Dextromethorphan Metoclopramide Quinidine Quinine Tetrahydrozoline